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Vygotsky’s view is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition, or thinking. Susan Myburgh, Anna Maria Tammaro, in Exploring Education for Digital Librarians, 2013 The Socratic methodĪ teaching method that is compatible with constructivism, complexity theory, Vygotsky and heutagogy, is the Socratic method. Much of Vygotsky's theorizing has lead to empirical predictions and most have received support. Vygostky called this internalization – the process of using an instrument of thought ( inner speech) that was at first located outside children ( social speech). Gradually, children's own language becomes their principal tool of intellectual growth, first as speech-for-self emitted aloud (private speech) to guide and control their own actions and eventually as silent self-talk (inner speech). Language represents the core type of interaction which allows social agents to convey information to children. Ideally, people interacting with children initially should guide most of the problem-solving process and eventually transfer this responsibility to the child. He insisted that not respecting this zone, either by helping children on tasks they can complete on their own, or by not helping enough on difficult tasks, impedes cognitive development. Vygotsky named the difference between what children can and cannot do by themselves as the zone of proximal development. Children can solve some problems by themselves, yet other more challenging problems require help from social agents.

Intellectual growth emerges out of a dialectical process in which problem-solving experiences are shared with parents, teachers, siblings, peers, etc. In addition, not only does culture teach children what to think but also how to think. First, children acquire most of their knowledge (the contents of thought) through culture. In Vygotsky's system, children's cognitive development is affected by culture in two ways. Vygotsky's theory, which emphasizes culture, language, and internalization, arguably represents the most complete, original, and coherent view available. Numerous theories of inner speech have been formulated. Morin, in Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012 Vygotsky's Position